A MINI REVIEW ON NON-ANTIBIOTIC THERAPIES TO TARGET EMERGING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE DURING POST COVID ERA
R. JASMINE *
Department of Biotechnology, Bishop Heber College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.
B. N. SELVAKUMAR
Department of Microbiology, Educare Institute of Dental Sciences, Kerala, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Antibiotics considered as miracle drugs and as one of the most demanding life-saving discoveries of the twentieth century have now imposed a threat to society due to its overuse and misuse. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global problem to which the current COVID-19 pandemic may fuel further. The high number of patients suffering from Covid-19 worldwide have been reported to suffer further from secondary microbial infections. This has become a challenge for the medical community. Hence, various non-antibiotic strategies have been sought after and their mechanisms have been evaluated to mitigate the rise of AMR. This review gives an overview of the success of the alternate methods to combat AMR.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, COVID 19, phytotherapy, phage therapy, CRISPR
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Novelli G. Biancolella M, Mehrian-Shai R, Erickson C. Godri Pollitt KJ, Vasiliou V, Watt J, Reichardt JKV. COVID-19update: The first 6 months of the pandemic. Hum. Genom. 2020;14, 48. [CrossRef]
Christaki E, Marcou M,Tofarides A. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria: Mechanisms, evolution, and persistence. J. Mol.Evol. 2020;88:26–40. [CrossRef]
Rusic D, Bozic J, Bukic J, Vilovic M, Tomicic M, Seselja Perisin A, Leskur D, Modun D, Cohadzic T, Tomic S. Antimicrobial resistance: Physicians’ and pharmacists’ perspective. Microb. Drug Resist; 2020. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
World Health Organization. Antimicrobial resistance: Global report onsurveillance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
Dryden Matthew, Johnson Alan P, Ashiru-oredope Diane, Sharland Mike. Using Antibiotics responsibly: Right Drug, Right time, right dose, right duration. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66(11):2441–3. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/ dkr370
Wright RC, Friman VP, Smith MC, aBrockhurst MA. Resistance evolution against phage combinations depends on the timing andorder of exposure. MBio. 2019;10:1652–e1619.
Pacios O, Blasco L, Bleriot I, Fernandez-Garcia L, Gonzalez Bardanca M, Ambroa A, et al. Strategies to combat multidrug-resistant and persistent infectious diseases. Antibiotics. 2020;9:65. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020065
Wan Y, Li J, Shen L, Zou Y, Hou L, Zhu L, Faden HS, Tang Z, Shi M, Jiao N. Enteric involvement in hospitalisedpatients with COVID-19 outside Wuhan. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2020;5:534–535. [CrossRef]
Chhibber-Goel J, Gopinathan S, Sharma A. Interplay between severities of Interplay between severities of COVID-19 and thegut microbiome: Implications of bacterial co-infections? Gut Pathog. 2021;13:14. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Haiderali Z. Coming clean about sanitisers. British Dental Journal. 2020;228(7):564. DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1521-y
da Silva J. DNA damage induced by occupational and environmental exposureto miscellaneous chemicals. Mutat Res. 2016;770(Pt A):170–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.02.002
Akimitsu N, Hamamoto H, Inoue R, Shoji M, Akamine A, Takemori K, Sekimizu K. Increase in resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to betalactamscaused by mutations conferring resistance to benzalkonium chloride, adisinfectant widely used in hospitals. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1999;43(12):3042–3. DOI: 10.1128/Aac.43.12.3042
WHO. Guide to Local Production: WHO-recommended Handrub Formulations; 2010.
Garcia-Gutierrez E, Mayer MJ, Cotter PD, Narbad A. Gut microbiota as a source of novel antimicrobials. Gut Microbes. 2019;10:1–21. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1455790
Wright RC, Friman VP, Smith MC, Brockhurst MA. Resistance evolution against phage combinations depends on the timing and order of exposure. MBio. 2019;10:1652–e1619.
Aguilar-Toalá J, Garcia-Varela R, Garcia H, Mata-Haro V, González-Córdova A, Vallejo-Cordoba B, et al. Postbiotics: An evolving term within the functional foods field. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2018;75:105–114. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs. 2018.03.009
Wittebole X, De Roock S, Opal SM. A historical overview of bacteriophage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial pathogens. Virulence. 2014;5:226–235. DOI: 10.4161/viru.25991
Farnsworth NR. The development of pharmacological and chemical research for application of traditional medicine in developing countries. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1980;2:173-181.
Subhose V, Srinivas P, Narayana A. Basic principles of pharmaceutical science in Ayurveda. Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad.2005;35(2):83-92.
Ahmad I, Aqil F. In vitro efficacy of bioactive extracts of 15 medicinal plants against ESBL-producing multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria. Microbiol Res. 2006;162(3):264-75.
Ahmad I, Beg AZ. Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on 45 Indian medicinal Plantsagainst multi-drug resistant human pathogens. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;74(2):113-23.
Aqil F, Khan MS, Owais M, Ahmad I. Effect of certain bioactive plant extracts on Clinicalisolates of beta-lactamase producing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Basic Microbiol. 2005;45(2):106-114.
Zhang F, Luo W, Shi Y, Fan Z, Ji G. Should we standardize the 1,700-year-old fecal microbiota transplantation? Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2012;107:1755. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2012.251
Harman RM, Yang S, He MK, Van De Walle GR. Antimicrobial peptides secreted by equine mesenchymal stromal cells inhibitthe growth of bacteria commonly found in skin wounds. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 2017;8:157.
Alcayaga-Miranda F, Cuenca J, Khoury M. Antimicrobial activityof mesenchymal stem cells: Current status and new perspectives of antimicrobial peptide-based therapies. Front. Immunol. 2017;8:339. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00339
Marx C, Gardner S, Harman RM, Van De Walle GR. The mesenchymal stromal cell secretome impairs methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms via cysteine protease activity in the equinemodel. Stem Cells Transl. Med. 2020;9:746–757. DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0333
Liu Y, Chen X, Wang D, Li H, Huang J, Zhang Z, et al. Hemofiltration successfully eliminates severe cytokine release syndrome following CD19 CAR-T-Cell therapy. J. Immunother. 2018;41:406–410. DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000243
Mccrea K, Ward R, Larosa SP. Removal of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) from blood by heparin-functional hemoperfusion media. PLoS One. 2014;9:e114242. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114242
Kang JH, Super M, Yung CW, Cooper RM, Domansky K, Graveline AR, et al. An extracorporeal blood-cleansing device for sepsis therapy. Nat.Med. 2014;20L1211–1216. DOI: 10.1038/nm.3640
Saeki EK, Kobayashi RKT, Nakazato G. Quorum sensing system: Target to control the spread of bacterial infections. Microb. Pathog. 2020;142:104068. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104068
Barrangou R, Fremaux C, Deveau H, Richards M, Boyaval P, Moineau S, et al. CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses inprokaryotes. Science. 2007;315:1709–1712. DOI: 10.1126/science.1138140
Muzammil S, Hayat S, Fakhar EAM, Aslam B, Siddique MH, Nisar MA, et al. Nanoantibiotics: Future nanotechnologies to combat antibioticresistance. Front. Biosci. 2018;10:352–374. DOI: 10.2741/e827
Baptista PV, Mccusker MP, Carvalho A, Ferreira DA, Mohan NM, Martins M, et al. Nano-strategies to fight multidrug resistantbacteria-a battle of the titans. front. Microbiol. 2018;9:1441. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01441
Crow JR, Davis SL, Chaykosky DM, Smith TT, Smith JM. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplant for primary and secondary pre-vention of Clostridium difficile infection. Pharmacotherapy. 2015;35:1016–25.