Asian Journal of Advances in Medical Science

Intestinal parasitic infections remain a major public health concern in developing countries, particularly in regions with inadequate sanitation and unsafe water sources. Seasonal climatic variation influences parasite transmission patterns, yet comparative analyses between rural and urban populations remain limited. This study investigated the seasonal dynamics of intestinal parasitic infections among rural and urban populations over a 12-month period. A total of 800 participants (400 rural, 400 urban) were recruited, and stool samples were analyzed using direct wet mount and formalin-ether concentration techniques. Overall prevalence was significantly higher in rural communities (42.5%) compared to urban populations (27.3%) (p < 0.001). Infection rates peaked during the rainy season in both settings, with helminth infections predominating in rural areas and protozoan infections more common in urban environments. Logistic regression analysis identified rural residence (Adjusted OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6–2.9) and rainy season (Adjusted OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3–2.4) as independent predictors of infection. These findings underscore the role of environmental exposure, sanitation disparities, and seasonal factors in shaping intestinal parasite epidemiology.